Plant Microbiome: Origin, Composition, and Functions

Microorganisms play an important role in the growth and development of a plant throughout its entire life cycle. Recent advances methods molecular biological analysis have expanded our understanding composition functions microbiota (epiphytic, rhizosphere, endosphere) mechanisms associated with specific processes that govern plant-microorganism interactions. This article reviews types microbial communities, their sources origin, species composition, as well critical they modulating immune response against phytopathogens, improving elemental nutrition plants, scaring away herbivorous animals, producing phytohormones, enabling plants to thrive under extreme environmental conditions.